Silk - the queen of all fabrics is historically one of India's most important industries. India produces a collection of silks called Mulberry, Tasar, Muga and Eri, based on the feeding habit of the cocoons.
The sericulture manufactures today employs over 700,000 farm families and is mostly concentrated in Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh and to some extent Assam and West Bengal. Karnataka accounts for more than 70 percent of the country's total silk production.
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Sericulture is one manufactures which is beneficial to the agriculturists. As in today 56 lakhs habitancy are dependent on the sericulture industry, 5.6 million habitancy out of which 4.7 million are agriculturists. The rest are reelers, weavers etc.
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India is the second largest producer of silk, contributing to about 18 per cent to the world production. What is however, more mighty is the fact that India's requirement of raw silk is much higher than its current output at present. Thus, there is primary scope for stepping up output of raw silk in the country, overcome the persistent conflict of interest between exporters of silk products and producers of raw silk.
While sericulturists want imports of raw silk to be restricted to have good store for their produce, exporters want imports of economy raw silk so as to be able to export more silk products at competitive rates. India has all the four varieties of silk namely, mulberry, tassar, eri and muga. It is however, disheartening to note that we have not yet been able to fully exploit this advantage and make our presence felt on the international scene more prominently than at present. For this, one has to clearly understand the strengths and weaknesses of separate segments of this sector.
The compel of this manufactures lies in its wide base, the sustaining store examine pull especially from the Indian handloom weaving sector, the infrastructure created by the national sericulture scheme and the explore and training capabilities.
Mulberry segment
Its main feebleness is related to a poor database, diverse range of practices important to a distinction in productivity and quality. Generally, there is weak accent on quality consistency in production, poor transfer of technology to the decentralised sector both due to poor technology absorption and poor/inadequate supervene up on laboratory findings; poor store linkages barring in Karnataka, a flourishing unfair trade in the post-yarn sector, low-end technology use and reluctance to costlier technologies due to fears that there might not be corresponding correction in price realisations. Other weaknesses are inadequate emphasis on quality in the commercial seed sector, neglect of marketing linkages and the need for a basic perspective for development of the sector which clearly defined relative roles for the central and state agencies under the federal set-up.
Among non-mulberry silks, tassar is mostly produced by tribals by rearing silkworms on forest plants. India is the largest producer of tassar silk after China and is the only producer of golden muga silk. Also, India is a major producer of eri silk.
Unlike mulberry silk production, non-mulberry silk output is unsteady and fluctuates from year to year. The central silk board has not given enough attention to their R&D and prolongation activities in the area of non-mulberry sericulture in spite of its inherent to directly help the poor. Presently, muga and eri silks are produced mostly for self-consumption. But with their uniqueness to India, they have great inherent for value-added exports.
The government must give to these varieties of silk the point that is due to them and facilitate focussed R&D, targeted prolongation and innovative stock development for value-added exports.
Tassar
It has been noted that the following are the areas of weaknesses in output of tassar and they require to be set right
. Rearing is done outdoor on trees; natural food plants are dispersed over large areas. Thus, comprehensive prolongation maintain would entail a large number of prolongation agents to cater to the farmers beyond their resources.
. Also weavers are usually reelers and are not exploited by traders.
. Oak tassar culture has not yet been properly adopted, as habitancy are new to this culture and economics are yet to be established.
. Also lack of disease monitoring and of operate measures is noticed.
Eri
Eri silk which is largely produced in some eastern parts of the country has exact thermal proprieties. It can also be blended with wool, other silks, cotton ramie, jute or artificial fibres. Areas of feebleness in eri silk include:-
. Lack of systematic supply of enough quantity of foilage.
. Lack of scientific method to check diseases
. Poor administration during rearing
. Non-availability of cut off rearing house and
. Absence of any well-organised marketing system
Muga
This golden yellow silk is quite unique to Assam and neighbouring areas of Nagaland and Meghalaya. It has spread to West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh as well. While basic seed output is more or less organised, commercial seed output is to be organised systematically. More explore maintain is needed for this activity.
Cut throat competition from China
Sericulture in India has taken a severe beating with cheap silk arrival from China and flooding the Indian markets.
India imported around 9,258 tonnes of silk worth over six billion rupees last year from China, the world's largest silk producer.
Nearly 49,000 hectares of mulberry crop was uprooted in Karnataka as cocoon prices crashed resulting in a loss of 3,000 tonnes to the country's comprehensive silk production, agreeing to statistics released by the Central Silk Board.
Dumping of silk yarn from China has affected the output of silk because the rate of cocoons in the store has come down because the examine has been reduced due to import of China silk. So farmers who were expecting a good wage for their cocoons stopped because store was fluctuating. When the imported silk came in, dealers lost their interest in buying the cocoons and farmers did not get the good rates. This has resulted in 49,000 hectares of mulberries being uprooted in Karnataka. In turn the farmers have taken up other activities, other agricultural productions rather than persisting with mulberry.
According to the farmers, their crops also suffered from the third consecutive drought last year. Farmers are demanding that the government should levy anti-dumping duties on Chinese silk.
India stands second only to China in silk production. While China produced 69,000 metric tons of raw silk last year, India stood far behind with 16,000 metric tons.
Officials say India requires 120,000 metric tons of silk to meet the examine in world store and with good infrastructure facility; the sericulture manufactures could enhance its productivity to 15 percent as against the current nine percent.
Conclusion
The bulk of Indian silk thread and silk cloth is consumed domestically. The gift store context for silk in the country is one of vigorously growing internal examine for silk fabrics, with increase rates of above 10 percent per year.
With gargantuan government and international subsidies for silk projects and marketing schemes, the manufactures has been addition rapidly over the last few years. Silk exports too are growing rapidly. Germany is the largest consumer of Indian silk.
Today only China and India are the producers in silk. Thailand, Uzbekistan also produces silk but the quantity is very small. So we will have to keep this raw silk and fabrics for them to continue in the market. Only two countries can do it. India is the largest consumer of silk fabrics by way of sarees and so many other things. So we will have to enhance our silk culture.
Today the Indian silk manufactures is already a major player in the global scenario and the increase prospects for the manufactures seem to be bullish. Measures like the encouragement of supplementary technological and economic explore in the discrete aspects of sericulture, standardization and quality operate of silk and silk products and rationalization of marketing and stabilization of prices of silk cocoons and raw silk it could develop rapidly than ever before.
Indian Silk commerce
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